In other words, the prevalence of violent crime seems to predict mating preferences only in so far as it reflects a country's relative penury.(換句話說，就目前而言利用暴力犯罪的流行程度來預測擇偶偏好只適用于一個相對拮據的國家。)

From involuntary idleness, servile dependence, penury, and useless Labour, he has passed to toils of a very different nature, rewarded by ample subsistence.(他經歷廠被迫失業、卑屈的依賴、赤貧和無用的勞動之后，現在正從事一個性質完全不同的勞動，這種勞動將得到充足的物質報酬。)

He was talking about the embarrassment penury - and advocating higher salaries for MPs.(這席話意指當時議員們經濟窘迫，并提倡提高議員待遇。)

One woman we talked to had started in such penury that four of her children had died of starvation or disease.(我們和另一個女人聊過。一開始，她窮困潦倒，有四個孩子或死于饑餓，或死于疾病。)

Extreme poverty; penury.(赤貧極度貧窮；)

Mr Thomas was born in penury and grew up with bare feet and intestinal worms.(托馬斯出身微寒，伴著光腳丫兒、肚里住著蛔蟲的日子長大。)

Laid-off workers fall into penury.(下崗職工陷入貧困。)

However, his finances remained precarious, with periods of prosperity and of penury.(然而，他的經濟狀況始終不穩定，時而富裕，時而貧困。)

A succession of bad harvest had reduced the small farmer to penury.(連續歉收使得這個小農場主陷入了貧困境地。)

There are five parts in this paper:The first part stresses the mutual action of economy, society, environment and penury based on general definition of penury.(第一部分在討論貧困一般定義的基礎上，重點研究貧困與經濟、社會及環境的相互作用。)