Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value and limitation of urography in retrocaval ureter.(目的評價泌尿系造影在下腔靜脈后輸尿管診斷中的價值。)

These methods work especially well on stones in the lower part of the ureter .(這些方法的工作，特別是良好的石塊在較低的部分輸尿管。)

The wall of ureter was composed of mucosa, muscular layer and adventitia.(輸尿管管壁由黏膜、肌層和外膜組成；)

Tissue, Membrane Protein, Human Fetal Normal, Ureter.(組織，膜蛋白，人正常胚胎，輸尿管。)

Objective To explore the diagnosis and treatment of retrocaval ureter.(目的探討腔靜脈后輸尿管的診斷及治療。)

Objective To increase the ultrasonic diagnostic accuracy of calculus in the middle-lower ureter.(目的提高對輸尿管中下段結石的超聲診斷符合率。)

Objective To study the diagnosis and treatment of postcaval ureter.(目的總結下腔靜脈后輸尿管的診治經驗。)

Objective: To study the method and law of ureter calculi diagnosed by ct.(目的：研究輸尿管結石CT診斷的規律及掃描方法。)

Objective To study the clinical diagnostic features of primary ureter cancer.(目的研究原發性輸尿管癌的臨床診斷特點。)

Objective To study the diagnosis and treatment of congenital ectopic kidney with ectopic opening of ureter.(目的探討先天性異位腎伴輸尿管開口異位的診斷和外科治療。)